Champion Daylilies
Glossary
Back ----- Forms ----- Patterns
Alkaloid
Any of numerous usually colorless, complex and bitter organic bases (such as morphine or codeine) containing nitrogen and usually oxygen that occur especially in seed producing plants. See: Colchicine.
Allele
1.) Either of a pair of alternative characteristics, such as smooth and wrinkled seed.
2.) one of a group of genes that occur alternatively at a given locus.
American Hemerocallis Society (AHS)
The organization designated by the Royal Horticulture Society for registering clones of the genus Hemerocallis (daylilies). The American Hemerocallis Society, Inc. (AHS) is a non-profit organization. The AHS is organized exclusively for educational and scientific purposes, and especially to promote, encourage, and foster the development and improvement of the genus Hemerocallis and public interest therein.
Aneuploid
Having a chromosome count that is not an exact multiple of the haploid number, with either more or fewer than the normal number of chromosomes in the cell. Some daylilies converted with colchicine are suspected to be aneuploids.
Angiosperms
Flowering plants with seeds enclosed in an ovary. This differentiates them from gymnosperms with "naked" seeds like the conifers. Angiosperms, are the dominant group of plants on land, with around 230,000 described species. Daylilies are angiosperms. See also: Monocots, Dicots.
Anthesis
The period or state of being fully open, or expanded, of a flower; in full bloom. Also see: Diurnal, Nocturnal.
Asexual Reproduction
Propagation by vegetative means, such as division or proliferation. All plants resulting from asexual reproduction are genetic clones of the original single plant from which they derived. Vegatative increase may be enhanced with BAP paste or BAP 10.
Asparagales
The plant Order which includes the daylily family (Hemerocallidaceae) and many others such as the asparagus, onion, agave, lily-of-the-valley, iris, and hyacinth families. Black seeds are characteristic of most Asparagales due to a layer of phytomelan on the seed coat (testa).
Backcross
Cross-pollination of one daylily to a plant in its parentage.
BAP
A type of paste used to produce greater vegetative reproduction, particularly proliferations, of a plant. Perhaps the best known is BAP IAA paste, the formula for which is: 3.0 grams anhydrous lanolin, 90 milligrams BAP (6-Benzylaminopurine), 90 milligrams IAA (Indole-3-acetic acid) and 160 milligrams (0.145 milliliters) DMSO (Dimethylsulfoxide).
Black or Near Black
There is no true "black" daylily because a gene for the color (black) is not known to exist is the genus Hemerocallis. "Black" or "near black" daylilies are either very dark reds or very dark purples.
Bloom
That portion of the daylily that flowers. It begins as a bud on a scape, and proceeds to grow until it reaches maturity. At maturity, it opens its tepals to expose the flower's form, color, distinctive markings (eye, halo, edging, midribs, throat) and the sexual portions consisting of the pistil and stamens. An individual bloom generally opens for a single day, then withers, only to be succeeded by one or more new blooms until all the buds on a scape have matured. The spent bloom may or may not produce a pod from which seeds are harvested.
Bloom Period, Bloom Season
That portion of the growing season when a particular cultivar is in bloom. The seasons are categorized in rather loosely defined periods, such as: EE, extra-early - the earliest flowers to bloom; E, early - overlap or follow slightly behind extra-early bloomers; EM, early to mid-season; M, midseason; ML, midseason to the beginning of the later portion of the bloom season; L, almost the end of the bloom season; and VL, very late - the last flowers of the bloom season.
Branch, Branching
Used to describe daylily scapes that have lateral branchlets, each containing a cluster of buds. Three-way branching may describe a scape with three branchlets, but is used by some hybridizers to indicate there are three side branches as well as a cluster of blooms at the top of the scape. One way to signify this is "3-4 way branching", indicating 3 laterals and one terminal cluster of buds.
Bud-Building
Scientifically called "indeterminate inflorescence," it means "continuing to grow at the apex" or end of the scape. A pattern of growth on scapes in which buds continue to form as lower buds open. A scape showing this characteristic will get taller through the bloom season. It is a somewhat unreliable trait, dependent upon weather and growing conditions. Later bloom tends to be sparse.
Bud Count
Since each daylily flower is only open one day, the number of buds each scape carries is indicative of how many flowers the plant will bear on a single scape. The bud count can be determined by counting the number of buds, seed pods and bloom scars and adding these together.
Bulbs
Not a generally accepted daylily term. Daylilies are herbaceous perennials and do not grow from bulbs like true lilies (lilium), tulips or narcissus. A frequent question asked by newcomers to daylilies is "...so, are they bulbs or what?" Also see: Stem.
Chelated Compound
An organic compound containing a metal such as manganese or iron which is held in the soil solution and therefore is available to the plant roots.
Chimera
A plant with two genetically different tissues growing side by side. Chimeras may or may not be stable. Ploidy chimeras are common in plants treated with colchicine, part of the tissues being converted to tetraploidy, other parts remaining diploid. Also see: Colchicine, Diploid, Tetraploid.
Chromosome
1.) The self-replicating genetic structures of cells containing the cellular DNA. 2.) One of a definite number of minute bodies in the cell nucleus of all plants and animals through which characteristics are inherited. Daylily chromosomes come in sets of eleven. Cells of diploid daylilies contain 22 chromosomes (two sets). Triploids contain 33 (three sets), and tetraploids contain 44 (four sets). Because the chromosomes in a nucleus must divide in half to form ova and pollen, triploids, with an odd number of chromosomes, are usually sterile. Tetraploids have not been found in species daylilies.
Clone
A genetically uniform assemblage of individuals, derived originally from a single individual by vegetative propagation, e.g., in daylilies by natural division of ramets, by rooting proliferations, by crown cuttings, tissue culture, etc. Also see: Crown, Cultivar, Proliferation, Ramet.
Clump
Three or more fans of a cultivar grouped together. Also see: Cultivar, Fans
Colchicine
A poisonous alkaloid extracted from the corms or seeds of the meadow saffron or autumn crocus (Colchicum autumnale) and used on mitotic cells to induce polyploidy by dissolving the spindle fibers during cell division. Also see: Alkaloid, Mitosis, Polyploidy.
Conversion
1.) A plant that was originally diploid in its chromosome makeup, but which was chemically treated with colchicine and altered to tetraploid. Conversions may or may not be stable. Conversions are distinguished by the prefix "Tet" or "Tetraploid" as in TET BARBARA MITCHELL. The hybridizer and the converter are both identified. The hybridizer's name is listed first, followed by a slash and the name of the person who performed the conversion. In the example of TET BARBARA MITCHELL, Pierce/Stamile. Also see: Chimera
2.) What happens to a lawn when a daylily gardener moves in.
3.) What happens to a mixed perennial bed when a gardener discovers daylilies.
Cotyledon
The leafy portion of a plant's embryo. The embryo is the part of the seed from which a mature plant develops. It consists of a short root, the radicle, and a short bud ,a plumule, connected by a short shoot, the hypocotyl, that bears one or more cotyledons. Because they form within the seeds, cotyledons are known also as seed leaves.
Flowering plants, called angiosperms, have embryos within their seeds that form one or two cotyledons. Those with one cotyledon are known as monocotyledons or monocots. Monocots include daylilies, orchids, palms, bananas, pineapples, and corn. Most bear leaves with parallel veins and flower parts in multiples of three. Angiosperms with two cotyledons are called dicotyledons or dicots. They produce leaves with a netlike pattern of veins and flower parts in multiples of four or five. Apples, cherries, beans, squashes, and tomatoes are common dicots.
Cross, Cross Polination
The process of placing the pollen from the anthers of one cultivar on the stigma of another. Also see: Anther, Cultivar, Pollen, Stigma.
Cultivar
A combined word for "cultivated variety." Denotes an assemblage of cultivated individuals that, when reproduced sexually or asexually, retains its distinguishing features. Nearly all registered daylily cultivars are propagated vegetatively and retain their identity as clones. Also see: Clone, Variety.
Cytology
A branch of biology dealing with the structure, function, multiplication, pathology and life history of cells.
Cytoplasm
The protoplasm of a cell external to the nuclear membrane.
Daylily
1.) Any of various Eurasian plants (genus Hemerocallis) of the lily family that have short-lived flowers resembling lilies and are widespread in cultivation and as escapes.
2.) A member of the lily family, as are such plants as onions and hyacinths, but it is NOT a lily (genus Lilium).
Generally, a single daylily bud is in bloom for a single day before it begins to wither. Multiple buds on the scapes provide bloom over a number of weeks each bloom season.
Ancient Chinese used the plant's roots, leaves and flowers for food. They also used its roots and crown as a pain reliever, a diuretic and for other medicinal purposes.
Its botanical name, Hemerocallis, derives from two Greek words meaning "beauty" and "day," referring to the fact that each flower lasts only one day.
3.) In some dictionaries and other reference works, it may be referred to as "day lily," but the spelling was consolidated into a single word in 1923 upon the recommendation of the American Joint Committee on Horticultural Nomenclature, as reported by the publication Standardized Plant Names, 1923 edition, Preface, p. x and p. 199.
Deadheading, Deheading
Removal of spent flowers during bloom season to stimulate development of new flowers and to prevent seed formation, or simply to improve plant appearance.
Deciduous
A plant that stops all vegetative growth, sets resting buds in the crown, and loses its leaves for the winter, regardless of the climate in which it is growing. Also see: Dormant.
Dehisce
The process of splitting open a ripened seed pod and expelling the seed. As the seed pod continues t o dry out, the pod will further split and drop the seeds to the ground where a new generation of plants may emerge.
Dicotyledons, Dicots
One of the two major types of flowering plants, or angiosperms. The dicotyledons are so named because sprouting seeds have two primary leaves or cotyledons. Other common features of the dicots are leaves with branching or net veining and flowers with four or five tepals or multiples of these. Daylilies are not dicots. See also: Monotyledons.
Examples of dicotyledons would be roses, most fruit trees such as apples, pears, cherries and peaches. (5 petals)
Diploid (DIP)
A plant having two complete sets of the basic set of chromosomes. A diploid daylily has 22 chromosomes. One set of 11 comes from the egg cell, one set from the sperm cell in the pollen.
Disseminated
As applied to Hemerocallis, the term simply means that divisions or proliferations or a particular plant (clone) have been distributed and are being grown in gardens other than the one in which it originated. Undisseminated refers to a plant whose divisions and proliferations are found in only one garden.
Diurnal
A daylily flower that opens in early morning or during the day.
Division
1.) Refers to an individual unit in a clump, each portion of which is identical to the parent plant. Also see: Fan, Ramet. 2.) The process of breaking a multifan clump of daylilies into several individual plants. Each plant can be termed a division.
Dominant
Mendel (not otherwise identified) "... those characters which are transmitted entire, or almost unchanged in the hybridization, and therefore in themselves constitute the characters of the hybrid, are termed the dominant, and those which become latent in the process recessive. The expression 'recessive' has been chosen because the characters thereby designated withdraw or entirely disappear in the hybrids, but nevertheless reappear unchanged in their progeny.
Dormant
Deciduous. A plant that stops all vegetative growth, sets resting buds in the crown, and loses its leaves for the winter, regardless of the climate in which it is growing. Also see: Deciduous.
Dusting
Used in two ways: 1) to describe texture for "a flower with a velvet-like wash," or 2) in reference to color for "a flower with a wash of another color over the basic color." Also see: Overlay, Wash. All three terms are interchangeable.
Dwarf
Daylily with scape up to 12 inches tall and may bear miniature, small, or larger flowers. Also see: Miniature, Small.
Erose
Having the margin irregularly notched as if gnawed.
Evergreen
Daylily having leaves that remain green throughout the year, unless frozen severely. Evergreen daylilies do not set resting buds.
Extended Flowering, Extended Bloom
Flowers that remain open 16 hours or more.
Family
A group of plants in related genera, all of which share characteristics not found in other families.
Fan
Terms FAN, DIVISION, and RAMET are interchangeable. Each refers to an individual unit of a clump, containing leaves, crown, and roots. Within a clump, each fan is genetically identical to the parent. Also see: Division, Ramet.
Fertile
Capable of producing viable ovum, pollen, or both. A plant which can contribute genetic material for the creation of viable seeds.
Fertile Both Ways
Said of a daylily that has viable pollen and ovum. Its pollen is capable of producing viable seed on other daylilies, and it will set viable seed from other pollen. Also known as "pod and pollen fertile".
FFO
Date of the "first flower open" or first flower to bloom, of a given cultivar. These furnish coarse bloom sequence and bloom period indicators in a specific locality.
Flower
1.) That part of a higher plant that is modified for reproduction and consists of a shortened axis bearing modified leaves.
2.) A plant cultivated for its blossoms.
Fragrant
Daylilies have a very light pleasing scent. Some cultivars are more heavily scented than others. Scent may vary with the time of the day and weather conditions. The AHS awards the L. Ernest Plouf Award each year for the best dormant and fragrant cultivar as voted by the AHS Garden Judges.
Fulvous
Reddish-yellow "tawny" color of H. fulva and related daylilies.
Gamete
A mature germ cell possessing a haploid chromosome set and capable of initiating formation of a new individual (the zygote) by fusion with another gamete; egg or sperm.
Gene
Any hereditary element carried on the chromosomes, and sometimes in the cytoplasmic organelles, by which the characteristics of the plant are determined. Also see: Cytoplasm, Organelle.
Generation
In hybridizing, F1 refers to the first generation seedlings resulting from the cross of two different cultivars. The F2 generation refers to the seedlings resulting from breeding F1 plants to each other.
Genetic Drift
Changes in gene frequency due to chance fluctuations. A tendency for change in the genetic composition of a population due to random mating; may cause drastic changes in small populations.
Genome
A complete set of chromosomes, or of chromosomal genes, inherited as a unit from one parent. One haploid set of chromosomes with the genes they contain. Also see: Chromosome, Haploid.
Geneotype
Genetic constitution of an individual or group, deduced from data provided by breeding experiments; the entire genetic makeup of an individual. Individuals of the same genotype breed alike. See Phenotype.
Genus
A category of classification ranking between the family and the species. For example, the several species of oak collectively form the genus Quercus; of daylilies, the several species plus the many cultivars form the genus Hemerocallis; of horses, asses (note the comma between the two preceding words) and zebras, the genus Equus. (But see Hemerocallis) Plural, genera.
Haploid
1.) Having just one of the basic set of chromosomes of the ancestral species. In all daylily species that have been studied, the haploid set has 11 chromosomes.
2.) The haploid number is the total number of chromosomes in a single set.
Hardy
1.) In the north, a plant that is not adversely affected by cold temperatures and can grow, increase and perform well in a particular zone or zones. Some plants also need to be hot-weather hardy (ie: Texas, Arizona and Florida).
2.) A term used to describe a plant that can survive and grow in specific adverse climate conditions, ie: cold hardy or drought hardy.
Hemerocallis
Common name: Daylily. (From the Greek hemera day + kallos beauty.) Traditionally, a genus of the family Liliaceae. This is the botanical name for the daylily.
Homozygote
An individual whose chromosomes bear identical genes of a given allelic pair or series. Homozygotes produce only one kind of gamete with respect to a particular locus and, therefore, "breed true."
Hybrid
The offspring resulting from the cross-pollination of two parents, as in a cross between a species and a hybrid, between two species, or between two hybrids.
Introduced
A daylily has been introduced when offered for sale in a dated, printed or otherwise mechanically duplicated list or catalog with price.
Large-flowered
A blossom that is 4.5 inches or greater in diameter. A classification used at AHS Exhibition Shows.
Leaf, Leaves
A lateral outgrowth from the crown of a daylily plant; each leaf is a single unit of the foliage of a daylily. A group of leaves growing from the same central crown create a fan or ramet. The leaves principle function is the manufacture food for the plant via photosynthesis.
Meiosis
The second of the two fundamental cytological and genetic events in the sexual cycle, the first being mitosis. Nuclear divisions in which the diploid or somatic chromosome number is reduced by half. The mechanism by which the chromosome number is reduced from 2n to n and in which segregation and independent assortment of genes occur. Also see Mitosis.
Miniature
Daylilies with flowers less than three inches in diameter. They may be on dwarf, medium or tall scapes.
Mitosis
A process that takes place in the nucleus of a dividing cell that results in formation of two new nuclei, each having the same number of chromosomes as the parent nucleus.
Monocotyledons, Monocots
One of the two major types of flowering plants, or angiosperms. The monocotyledons are so named because sprouting seeds have only a single primary leaf or cotyledon. Other common features of the monocots are leaves with parallel veins and flowers with three tepals or multiples of three.
Examples of monocotyledons are the grasses, such as rice, corn, wheat, and sugar cane. The palms, orchids and lily families is also examples of monocotyledons. Daylilies are monocots. See also: Dicotyledons.
Monoploid
An individual having a single complete set of chromosomes. Also the fundamental number of chromosomes comprising a single set. Also see synonym: Haploid.
Mulch
A protective covering spread over the soil around the base of plants to retard evaporation, to control temperature, or to suppress weeds. A mulch may be organic (ie.: pine straw, compost, wood chips) or inorganic (ie.: landscape fabric, stone, or plastic.)
Mutation, Sport
A plant that has acquired a new characteristic, caused by a chance shift in its genetic makeup, which may or may not be stable and can be passed on to its offspring.
Nocturnal (Bloom)
A flower that opens sometime after late day and remains open during the night and perhaps all or part of the following day (in which case it may also be an Extended bloomer.) Also see: Extended.
Node
The point on a scape where floral branching or a proliferation may emerge, or the point on a rhizome that can develop roots and send up a new fan. Also see: Division, Fan, Proliferation, Ramet, Rhizome.
Organelle
A specialized cellular part that is analogous to an organ.
Outcross
In hybridizing, bringing a cultivar from a separate genetic pool (the "outside") into a particular "line" of one's own hybrids for the purpose of incorporating a characteristic deemed desirable.
Ovule
Structure within the ovary of the pistil of a flower which becomes a seed.
Ovum
A female gamete. The egg cell.
Perianth
The typical daylily flower consists of a funnel-shaped perianth tube and limb with six colored perianth segments called tepals arranged in two rows. The inner row of segments are petals, and the outer are sepals. Also see: Perianth segments, Perianth tube, Petal and Sepal.
Perianth Tube
The perianth segments are joined for a portion of their length at the base of the flower into a tube that surrounds the ovary.
Petal
Top three petaloids of a daylily flower that is not a double. Also see: Perianth segments, Sepal
Phenology
A branch of science dealing with climate and the periodic biological response to it; specifically in botany, how factors such as hours of sunshine per day and temperature relate to periodical, or sequential, responses in bloom times of flowering plants and to early or late ripening of fruit. Not to be confused with Phrenology, which has nothing to do with hybridizing or growing daylilies.
Phenotype
The visible aspects of a plant's genetic makeup, usually expressed with words like "tall" or "short;" the observable hereditary characteristics. See Genotype.
Phytomelan
The carbonaceous, opaque material that usually covers the seed coat (testa) of daylily seeds, generally giving them a black appearance. This black layer is typical of most plants in the Asparagales group of monocotyledons.
Ploidy
The number of sets of chromosomes within a cell or organism. Further referred to by the number of sets: one set is a haploid, two sets is a diploid, three sets is a triploid, four sets is a tetraploid, etc. See also: Chromosomes.
Pod
The fruit of the daylily in which seed develops and ripens. Technically, it is a "loculicidal capsule," meaning that its walls become dry and then split when the seeds are ripe as shown below. Pods form if the flower has been fertilized. If you deadhead your plants, they will not form pods. See also: Deadhead.
Pod Parent
The parent plant that contributes the female reproductive cells. In hybridizing, the parent that forms the pods where the fertilized seeds develop and ripen. See Pollen Parent.
Pollen Parent
The parent plant that contributes the male reproductive cells, i.e., the pollen. In hybridizing, the parent whose pollen is placed on the stigma of the plant that will become the pod parent. See Pod Parent.
Polymorphic
Having, assuming, or occurring in various forms, characters or styles; a capacity for wide variation.
Polyploid
A plant having three or more sets of chromosomes in each cell. See Tetrapoid, Triploid.
Polyploidy
The number of sets of chromosomes in each cell.
Ramet
Refers to individual plants in a clump, each portion of which is identical with the original parent plant. Also see: Fan, Division. Terms are interchangeable.
Re-blooming, Recurrent, Remontant
Having more than one cycle of flowering per year.
Registered
A cultivar (clone) has been registered when its description and an acceptable name have been approved by the registrar appointed by the American Hemerocallis Society, the official international authority for all Hemerocallis registrations. The names of the originator and introducer (if introduced) are also recorded. Only one cultivar may be registered under a given name.
Rhizome, Rhizomatous
An underground stem which grows outward from the plant, eventually emerging above ground at the tip as a shoot; roots and additional shoots can also be produced along the rhizome. Said of a plant that sends out new plants from elongated underground stems called rhizomes. Example, H. Fulva Europa.
Seedling
In the daylily, used to reference any unregistered plant raised from seed. A seedling may be of any size or age and may or may not be used in a hybridizing program.
Selection, Selected Seedling
An unnamed, unregistered seedling, but numbered and perhaps propagated. Often destined to become a named cultivar or a breeding parent in a hybridizer's line. A seedling that has been selected from many other seedlings for further observation as a potential introduction or breeding stock.
Self-compatible, Self-fertile, Self-fruitful
A plant that produces viable seed after fertilization with pollen from a blossom of the same cultivar. In other words, one cultivar will serve as both the pod and pollen parents of the ensuing seedlings.
Self, Selfing, To Self
Placing the pollen of one flower on the stigma of the same flower, or on another flower of the same species, variety or cultivar (taxon). An objective when selfing hybrids is to produce seeds, then seedlings, that exhibit desirable, though recessive, characteristics such as increased re-bloom and fragrance.
Semi-evergreen
Intermediate foliage behavior that is not adequately described as simply Dormant or Evergreen. Also see: Dormant, Evergreen. (Sometimes semi-dormant.)
Senescence
The process of aging or growing old. In daylilies, this term most specifically referes to the aging process of the individual flower and the process that causes it to begin to collapse into a spent bloom, wither and dry up after a single day of bloom. From the Latin senescere "To grow old".
Sexual Reproduction
A type of reproduction involving the fusion of gametes (sex cells) and their nuclei.
Siblings, Sibs
In daylilies, usually the seedlings resulting from one specific cross between two parents.
Small-flowered
Daylilies classified as small have blooms that measure 3 inches or more but less than 4.5 inches in diameter.
Species
The category of classification lower than a genus or subgenus and above a subspecies or variety. A group of animals or plants that possess in common one or more characteristics that distinguish them from other similar groups, and do or may interbreed and reproduce their characteristics in their offspring, exhibiting between each other only minor differences bridged over by intermediate forms and differences ascribable to age, sex, polymorphism, individual peculiarity or accident, or to selective breeding. A distinct kind of animal or plant.
In daylilies, the species are native to western Asia. These are daylilies found growing "in the wild" in the locations in which they originated.
The species represent a unique breeding population in the wild, with some diversity of height. color and bud count being present. When two members of the same species cross pollinate the resulting seedlings are still considered to be of that species and are not new hybrids. Selected clones may be singled out and reproduced vegatatively as well.
Commonly available species include, but are not limited to: H. minor, H. flava, H. fulva, H. multiflora, H. dumortierii, H. middendorffii, and H. altissima.
Spent Bloom
Each daylily bloom lasts a single day. The day after a bloom has been open it will have withered and melted into a condition referred to as a spent bloom. This process is known as sensescence. Most daylilies will slough off these spent blooms in 2-3 days by themselves, but gardeners may also elect to deadhead their plants to remove the spent blooms. This practice makes the garden neater and also helps prevent the formation of seed pods that are not wanted.
Stalk
A flower scape without leaves. The daylily flower stalk has no leaves except some modified leaves called bracts. The stalk is the entire flower scape above the crown. Also see: Bract, Crown, Scape.
Sterile
Lacking the ability to reproduce. Some daylilies are completely sterile; those that cannot accept pollen are "pod-sterile;" those which have pollen that cannot fertilize another daylily are "pollen-sterile."
Stomate
An opening on a leaf through which water evaporates. The opening size is deterrmined by two guard cells - one on each side. Stomates are helpful in determining whether a conversion has been successful, since the stomates are significantly larger on a tetraploid than a diploid. This, and the size of the pollen grains (which can also be measured), will help determine if a conversion has been successful or not.
Stout Silver Medal
The highest award a cultivar may receive from the American Hemerocallis Society. Only one Stout Silver Medal is awarded yearly. Also referred to as the Stout Medal.
Taxonomy
The classification of plants and animals, according to their natural relationships. The categories (taxon) now in common use in botany are (beginning with the highest) division, class, order, family, genus, species and subspecies or variety. In plants, the system of Linnaeus. Also see: Taxa, Taxon.
Tepal
Refers to any of a daylily flower's petals and sepals, its perianth segments.
Testa
The seed coat, which is the protective covering of a seed and develops from the outer layers of the ovule. Daylilies generally have a crust of phytomelan on the testa, which gives them their black color.
Ttaraploid (TET)
Having four sets of chromosomes in each cell of the plant (in daylilies, 44 chromosomes altogether.) That is twice the number found in the sex cells (sperm and egg) See Colchicine, Diploid, Triploid.
Triploid
A plant with a triple set of chromosomes ( in daylilies, 3n = 33). Triploids are usually infertile. See also: diploid, tetraploid.
Undisseminated
As applied to Hemerocallis, it simply means that divisions or proliferations of a particular plant (clone) have not been distributed, and are being grown only in the garden in which the plant originated.
Variety
A term that can be used interchangeably with cultivar or clone, provided the context precludes interpreting it as the botanical variety (varieta), which applies only to varieties originating in the wild.
Variegated
Having foliage that is marked, striped, or blotched with some color other than green.
Zygote
A cell formed by the union of two gametes in sexual reproduction; a fertilized egg.